Citing Streaming Videos/Audiovisual Media
Use the timestamp in place of a page/paragraph number; only the time when the information starts is required.
Table 3
Authors for Audiovisual Media
| Media Type | Include as author | Parenthetical Citation Example |
|---|---|---|
| Streaming video (i.e. YouTube) | Person/group that uploaded the video *cite the username only if the author’s name is not clear |
(Conestoga College International, 2019, 0:14) |
| Film | Director | (Coppola, 2006, 1:15:12) |
| TV episode | Writer and director | (Schrader, 2020, 15:12) |
| Podcast episode | Host or executive producer | (Santos, 2020, 0:15) |
| Webinar or online lecture | Instructor | (Conestoga Library, 2020, 1:05) |
Note. Adapted from American Psychological Association, 2020, p. 341.
Parenthetical YouTube Citation Example
Kitchener is a relatively diverse city (Conestoga College International, 2019, 1:09).
Narrative YouTube Citation Example
Conestoga College International (2019) argues that Kitchener is a relatively diverse city (1:09).