Journal Articles
Always include the DOI if available. For articles accessed from the library database with no DOI, do not include a URL. Otherwise, include the URL if the source was accessed from a website.
Journal Article
Formula
Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), page # - page #. DOI or URL (if available)
Example - With a DOI
Smokowski, P. R., & Kopasz, K. H. (2005). Bullying in schools: An overview of types, effects, family characteristics, and intervention strategies.
Children & Schools, 27(2), 100-110.
https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/27.2.101
Example - With a URL
Example - With an Article Number
Hentea, C., Cheng, E. R., Bauer, N. S., & Mueller, E. L. (2018). Parent‐centered communication at time of pediatric cancer diagnosis: A systematic review.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 65(8), Article e27070.
https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.27070
Example - Without a DOI. Accessed from a Library Database, or in Print
Vermeyden, A., & Mohamed, E. (2020). Making Canada Home: Snapshots of Syrian and Iraqi Newcomer Cultural Production in the Waterloo Region, 2016-2019. Refuge, 36(1), 30-39.
Article from the UpToDate, PEN, and Natural Medicines Databases
Articles in these databases are only available there because they provide proprietary content. Therefore, include the title of the database for clarity. These references include a retrieval statement because the information in these articles changes. Although more specific advice is given in the APA manual (10.4), Library & Learning Services advises not to include a URL in order to align with APA's general advice on referencing databases (Manual, section 9.33).
Formula
Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Database. Retrieval statement.
Example
Morey, M. C., & Hall, K. S. (2025). Physical activity and exercise in older adults. UpToDate. Retrieved March 26, 2025.
